"I have to get a cystoscopy, but will it hurt?" "What kind of procedure is it?" Many people feel anxious when undergoing ...

Doctors use a combination of tests, including urinalysis, cystoscopy, urine culture, and bladder wall biopsy to diagnose interstitial cystitis. For males, they may also examine prostate secretions.

Abnormalities in voided urine cytology, including papillary aggregration and enlarged nuclei, are routinely used as markers for bladder neoplasia. Similar changes can be caused by examination of the ...

This study suggested that the customized bioinformatics workflow, UroCAD, be used as a noninvasive approach for diagnosis and recurrence surveillance in patients with urothelial carcinoma prior to the ...