The vapor-compression cycle has four stages (compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation) and one ultimate goal: converting refrigerant into a state that makes it useful as a heat transfer ...

Learning the basics can ease loop tuning frustration and ensure stability. During plant operations, it seems that tuning control loops is an ongoing task, which can be a continual frustration to ...

Directional-control valves are vital in any pneumatic circuit, directing or blocking airflow to control the speed or sequence of operations. One method of classifying directional-control valves is by ...

This column focuses on condenser splitting. But first, here’s a quick review of condenser flooding before covering condenser splitting to help all better understand both concepts and their advantages ...