In inland California grasslands, the high densities of alien annual species have altered the growing environment for native perennial grasses. Using variable-density plots, we measured the influence ...

Biological invasions change the landscape of competition within communities and can have major consequences for biodiversity by driving competitive exclusion. However, the effects of competition on ...

The modern idea of a species as a whole system is characterized by particular relations between members of the species. Thus the reactions of individual members of a population to external forces are ...