Historically, the ocean has been difficult to model. Scientists struggled in years past to simulate ocean currents or accurately predict fluctuations in temperature, salinity, and other properties. As ...

The energy that supercharged Hurricane Milton into a Category 5 storm on Monday came from the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, which have been abnormally warm not just at the surface, but at depth, too.

Ocean temperatures set a record high in 2025, according to a new study. The authors found that the heat content of the ocean increased by about 23 zettajoules between 2024 and 2025. That’s roughly the ...

(CNN) — Elkhorn and staghorn corals used to carpet Florida’s reef system, rising like antlers from the seabed — but not anymore. These crucial coral species are now “functionally extinct” in the ...