How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...

Researchers synthesize recombinant proteins in cell-free extracts to verify the identity of cloned genes, to study protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, and protein-drug interactions, and to carry ...

The 30S subunit of the ribosome can dynamically bind to the nascent mRNA as soon as its binding site emerges from the RNAP. Transcription factors and translation initiation factors assist in the ...

Legal matters of all kinds involve parties that speak different languages or otherwise need to bridge barriers of access to understand one another. Even situations where all parties speak the same ...

Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was clear that quick and accurate diagnostic techniques were required to deal with emerging infections and offset the negative impacts of ...