Prior to the onset of the wave, a vast pool of capital lies idle, waiting for channels of profit and investment to open. Then ...

Fail better. This is Lenin at his Beckettian best, foreshadowing the line from Worstward Ho: ‘Try again.Fail again. Fail better.’ footnote 2 His conclusion—to begin from the beginning—makes it clear ...

I. From Briggs to Flint. The original period of the cio ’s formation—1933–37—has been incomparably better studied than its wartime expansion; yet at the same time, the historiography of this heroic ...

F riedrich Engels famously spent his working life in the shadow of Karl Marx, a position he now occupies for posterity, and one in which he willingly placed himself. footnote 1 Born in 1820 in the ...

Interpretation and Commentary. Such a general theory remains to be elaborated: none of the existing attempts is very satisfying. footnote 5 Obviously, no single- or immediate-factor scheme will do.

K afka was a lawyer by training. At the age of 25, two years after getting his law degree, he began work at the Kingdom of Bohemia’s Workers’ Accident Insurance Institute, where he devoted himself to ...

The Strong Challenge to Imperialism: 1968–75. It has already been indicated that this argument deserves a certain scepticism. I shall now present some arguments to support the opposite of Halliday’s ...

Hollywood Cinema of the 1930s and 1940s. Classic Hollywood films dominated Spanish screens from the end of the Civil War to the early 1950s. Directly or indirectly, American films of the 1930s and ...

2 . A hundred years ago, inspired by calls to fight for national sovereignty and do away with national traitors, on the Fourth of May students boycotted classes, workers held strikes, merchants ...

The 1980s have not been good to American intellectuals of the Left. The election of Ronald Reagan brought neo-conservatives to power, and with them a host of new institutions—most notably, the ...

T he Centre Left governments that dominated the North Atlantic zone up to the turn of the millennium have now all but disappeared. Within six months of Bush’s victory in the United States, the Olive ...