Protein-based therapeutics have transformed treatments for numerous diseases, yet their production remains highly complex and cost-intensive [1][2],[3][4]. Downstream processing (DSP), including ...

Stirring can allow the dispersion of substances evenly in liquid. Einstein's tea leaf paradox is a concept that shows how tea leaves can concentrate in a doughnut shape through a secondary flow effect ...

When cells are starved or distressed, RNA and RNA-binding proteins can coalesce into membraneless liquid droplets called stress granules. These shut down translation, helping cells conserve energy.

A new study shows that polyethylene glycol coatings keep nanoparticles stable during freeze drying, while the protein albumin helps protect other surfaces and improves their safety in use. (Nanowerk ...

Polyethylene, a plastic that is both cheap and easy to process, accounts for nearly one-third of the world's plastic waste. An interdisciplinary team from the University of Bayreuth has investigated ...